If two lead-acid twelve-volt batteries are connected in series, what is the total voltage output?

When two lead-acid twelve-volt batteries are connected in series, the total voltage output is the sum of the voltages of each individual battery. Since each battery is rated at 12 volts, adding them together results in a total of 24 volts. In a series connection, the positive terminal of the first battery is connected to the negative terminal of the second battery, which effectively increases the voltage while maintaining the same capacity (amp-hour rating) as a single battery. This principle is fundamental in understanding how battery configurations impact voltage output in electrical systems.