What characterizes a thermal runaway condition?

A thermal runaway condition is characterized by an uncontrolled increase in temperature, which is typically accompanied by a continuous rise in electrical current. When a battery or other system enters thermal runaway, the internal temperature increases, which can lead to increased current draw, further raising the temperature. This cycle can result in rapid heating and possibly catastrophic failure, as components may become damaged or even catch fire.

In the context of battery systems, this condition is particularly dangerous, as it can lead to the release of gases, pressure buildup, and even explosions. The continuous nature of both the rising current and temperature during thermal runaway distinguishes it from other less severe conditions, which may involve fluctuations or stability in either metric. Understanding this behavior is essential for effective monitoring and safety management in various applications involving batteries and electrical systems.