What type of energy do relays convert to control electrical circuits?

Relays are electromagnetic switches that control electrical circuits by converting electrical energy into mechanical energy. When an electrical current flows through the coil of a relay, it creates a magnetic field that attracts a movable armature. This mechanical action closes or opens a set of contacts, thereby controlling the flow of electricity in the connected circuit. This fundamental operation underlines the importance of relays in various applications, such as automating control systems, where an electrical signal needs to control a larger load.

The nature of the energy conversion is crucial in understanding relay functionality. The current supplied to the relay serves as the input electrical energy, which facilitates the mechanical movement of the relay's components, resulting in the desired switching action in the electrical circuit. Thus, the conversion from electrical to mechanical energy is the core operation that enables relays to perform their intended tasks effectively.