Which material composition of lead-acid battery cells is present?

The correct choice is based on the standard construction of lead-acid batteries. In a typical lead-acid battery, the positive plates are made of lead peroxide (PbO2), which plays a crucial role in the electrochemical reactions occurring during the charging and discharging processes. The negative plates consist of spongy lead (Pb), which allows for a large surface area to facilitate these reactions.

During discharge, the lead peroxide at the positive plate reacts with the spongy lead at the negative plate and sulfuric acid in the electrolyte to produce lead sulfate (PbSO4) and water. This composition is essential for the battery’s function, as it promotes efficient energy storage and release. Thus, the combination of lead peroxide and spongy lead accurately reflects the operational principles of lead-acid batteries.

Other choices do not represent the correct materials used in lead-acid batteries, as they include materials that either do not participate in the electrochemical process or are not compatible with lead-acid technology. Understanding this specific composition helps in grasping how lead-acid batteries work and their practical applications in various fields.