Which substance will neutralize the electrolyte from a lead-acid battery?

To neutralize the electrolyte from a lead-acid battery, which primarily consists of sulfuric acid, an effective substance to use is bicarbonate of soda (baking soda). The chemical reaction that occurs when bicarbonate of soda is added to sulfuric acid neutralizes the acid, resulting in the formation of sodium sulfate, water, and carbon dioxide gas. This reaction helps to neutralize the corrosive effects of the acid, making it safer to handle and dispose of residual battery materials.

Baking soda, or sodium bicarbonate, provides a mild alkaline solution that effectively raises the pH of the electrolyte. This is critical for safety, as lead-acid batteries can be hazardous due to their acidic nature. The choice of bicarbonate of soda over other substances, such as vinegar, saltwater, or simply baking soda without distinguishing it as "bicarbonate of soda," is because it specifically indicates the effectiveness in neutralizing acids, whereas vinegar tends to be acidic itself and saltwater does not have significant neutralizing properties.