Which type of airplanes are required to be equipped with a ground proximity warning system and Glide Slope Deviation Alerting System?

The requirement for a ground proximity warning system (GPWS) and a Glide Slope Deviation Alerting System (GSDA) is based on safety standards that are primarily applicable to turbine-powered airplanes, especially those used in commercial operations. These systems are designed to enhance safety by preventing controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) and ensuring that pilots are informed if they deviate from the glide slope during an approach.

Turbine-powered airplanes, which include larger commercial aircraft and business jets, are subject to more stringent regulatory requirements due to the nature of their operations, which often occur in congested airspace and at high speeds. The GPWS alerts pilots when an imminent collision with the ground is detected, while the glide slope system helps maintain the correct descent path during landing.

In contrast, piston-powered airplanes, general aviation airplanes, and other categories do not universally require these systems, as they typically operate at different performance levels, speeds, and in varied environments. Thus, turbine-powered aircraft are specifically mandated to have these advanced systems to enhance their operational safety and mitigate risks associated with landing and approach phases.